Note :- For Windows and Linux to be exists in Same Computer We need two HDDs because from Windows vista, Windows OS makes a system partition. And if you installed Linux via making a separate partition and then if windows crashes, Linux must be reinstalled because there is only one MBR and is currupted. So by keeping two HDD one for windows and one for Linux, you do not need to reinstall Linux because it is on different HDD.
To be familiar with linux systems and commands, do course of RHCSA or download tutorials, books and video tutorials.
In server normally we need to apply LVM and Quota in /home filesystem ( partition ).
But for personal use and in VMware we do not need LVM and Quota.
Here we need to define mainly three filesystems :-
1." /boot" - mount point- "/boot" - filesystem format may be xfs or ext4 or as you need.
size atleast 512 MB.
2. "swap" - no need to define filesystem nor mount point.
size depending on RAM size:-
1. RAM = 4 GB SWAP = double of RAM = 8GB
2 RAM = 8GB SWAP = 16 GB
3. RAM = 16 GB SWAP = 16 GB
4. RAM = 32 GB SWAP = 16 GB
no need of more than 16 GB.
3. "/" - root filesystem ( forward slash ) -
size in my PC - 80 GB.
4. now in 2 TB or 1 TB HDD, you can create more than 1 separate fiesystems e.g.
/software - ext4 filesystem - remember do not reformat for backups and softwares that you do not want to erase or delete.
/projects - XFS filesystem - and how many you want .
For CEntOS 7 or 6, you need to create a bootable USB stick or pen drive.
I recommend download centos everything. This may be around 8 or 9.5 GB.
if you are in windows use refus-3.3.exe to make bootable USB from ISO of centos7 or 6.
if you are in linux you need to run following command to create bootable USB Stick from ISO of CEntOS.
In rpm linux run following commands :
in root account :-
1 # lsblk
this will show you name, ..., size,...,..., MountPoint.
note down name of filesystem from first column NAME. e.g. sde1
2 # umount /dev/sdx1
e.g. # umount /dev/sde1
3. The last step is to flash the CentOS ISO image to the USB drive. Make sure you replace /dev/sdx with your drive and do not append the partition number. Also, replace /path/to/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso with the path to the ISO file. If you downloaded the file using a web browser , then it should be stored in the Downloads folder located in your user account. for ease of work you may copy ISO in /opt or /software folder or filesystem.
command :-
# dd bs=4M if=/path/to/Centos7-Everthing.iso of=/dev/sde status=progress oflag=sync
here in of=/dev/sde name of sde is NAME of filesystem that we noted earlier as sde1, also note that here we given "sde" not "sde1".
now you have bootable USB from ISO of Centos Linux.
I am giving here installation of CentOS7 linux in VMWare but it is not different from usb to PC. Just boot from USB and follow the instruction.
take workstation type installation and on right pane select libraries and clients do not select any server because this is PC ( Personal Computer ) not server this is stand alone software development Computer.
images for installation:
now you have standalone PC with Centos linux . do exercises with it. Have a nice learning.
For "/software" filesystem when creating first time you must reformat it and after that every time you install be aware to "do not reformat" "/software" filesystem to preserve or save your linux softwares residing in this "/software" filesystem. Just like "D:" drive, "E:" drive in windows.
To back up of linux OS use "Redo backup and recovery" system freely available in webs.
this is bootable iso burn it into DVD. Boot from DVD and follow instructions. You can backup and restore using it. For backup and restore software use "redobackup-livecd-3.0.2.iso" freely available. At installation time Also for support of this version of redo backup software, linux filesystem may be"ext4", "xfs" filesystem or other. You may find backup software for "xfs" filesystem.
And at re-installation time Note that :- do not check tick for "reformat" checkbox for "/software" filesystem or partition, because you must not want to delete your linux softwares and tutorials, having in this filesystem or partition.
Note : if you want to take backup of linux. Choose only "/boot", "swap", "/" : filesystems , it may not have swap. Do not choose "/softwares ", Because it should be preserved and you may have stored or downloaded softwares after taking backup previously. After restoration "/software" filesystem will retain unchanged and your soft materials as preserved.
After installation you should look at RHCSA course available in youtube. This video course will teach you how to handle your linux Box.
Address website for RHCSA in RHEL 7 :-
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9aRKyYgRzI&list=PLKqyiDdtB8i5kk1uzG7q5Qm7INPAPy31E"
Just copy and paste in URL.
Linux Commands hands ON :-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Byx4sgLR88E
shell scripting Complete Course :-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtGM9GfBuok
